The four kingdoms called Giudicati

Between the half of the IX and the beginning of the X century A.C. , Sardinia was carved up into four kingdoms called Giudicati: that of Calari (the current Cagliari) was politivally near to the Maritime Republic of Genoa, whereas Arborea,  Torres and Gallura formed, in particular, a relation with the rival Pisa. 

However, Cagliari  is the town of Sardinia, which preserve the most evident remains of the pisan permanence in the island.

The Giudicati were sovereign states, rose during an historical period which ruled a political and economical isolation from the rest of Italy and Europe.

The respective Parliaments elected the Judge (in other words the king), in accordance with precise dynastic lines.